Clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of a combination of tranexamic acid, kojic acid, and niacinamide in treating skin pigmentation issues like melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Tranexamic acid, as a plasmin inhibitor, controls pigmentation by inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators involved in melanogenesis. Kojic acid, known for inhibiting tyrosinase, plays a significant role in reducing melanin production. Niacinamide, a form of vitamin B3, is praised for its skin brightening effects and improving skin barrier functions. These studies highlight that this combination can significantly reduce facial hyperpigmentation and improve overall skin quality, offering a promising treatment for various pigmentation disorders [oai_citation:1,Effect of a Tranexamic Acid, Kojic Acid, and Niacinamide Containing Serum on Facial Dyschromia: A Clinical Evaluation - PubMed]